2024-...
不倒翁健走杖運動 6 深蹲分解動作
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第六階段 深蹲分解動作
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深蹲是最有效率的肌力訓練
站起坐下是日常生活中非常重要的功能性動作,最有效率的肌力訓練就是深蹲,可以訓練到下肢和背部。很多學員抱怨膝蓋痛,蹲不下去。
分析他們蹲下去的動作,常發現是膝關節先彎曲,像要跪下去,這樣的錯誤動作會造成膝蓋骨和股骨間關節面較大的壓力,反覆磨損,難怪會造成疼痛。經過學習深蹲的分解動作,矯正錯誤的動作方式之後,蹲下去疼痛的困擾立刻改善。這個階段訓練的重點在於臀部的肌群。
深蹲第一個練功心法就是碰牆蹲,引導學員先啟動臀部,屈髖向後碰牆,同時向前彎腰保持重心位置。萬一學員重心不穩向後倒,碰到牆壁也不會跌坐在地。臀大肌虛弱無力時,坐下的動作下降到一半便會突然控制不住身體的重力,跌落椅子。蹲下時臀肌無力便以股四頭肌代償,造成膝關節先啟動的錯誤姿勢。
臀中肌負責大腿外旋,具有穩定膝關節的功能,當臀中肌虛弱無力,站起來時大腿外旋的力量不足,膝蓋會向內凹陷。增加膝關節的磨損。用彈力帶綁腿膝外張,訓練臀中肌大腿外旋的力量。從椅子上站起時,先引導膝穩定略為外張,再收縮臀肌站起。夾屁股將骨盆前推,訓練臀肌。
*補充說明:
1. 向心收縮:肌肉施力時,肌肉長度縮短,稱為向心收縮。站起時臀大肌收縮變短是向心收縮。髖關節伸展,便會直立起來。
2. 離心收縮:肌肉施力時,肌肉長度變長,稱為離心收縮。蹲下時臀大肌變長是離心收縮。髖關節屈曲,臀大肌雖然伸長,但仍需要足夠的力量控制身體重量,才能穩定的下降,順利完成蹲下或坐下的動作。
3. 等長收縮:肌肉施力時,肌肉長度不變,稱為等長收縮。維持蹲下姿勢,臀大肌雖然沒有長度的變化,但臀大肌仍持續施力,才能撐住身體的重量。
4. 一般人對於肌力訓練的印象是向心收縮的情況。但離心收縮的訓練效果更好,等長收縮的訓練更安全。
5. 如何更有效的訓練臀肌?四秒鐘慢慢蹲下,臀肌離心收縮,訓練的效果更好。
6. 如何安全的訓練?以正確的姿勢蹲到適當的位置時,維持姿勢不動5-10 秒。臀肌等長收縮中。
7. 對於訓練目標肌群,每個動作都有三個時期:縮短(向心收縮)、靜止(等長收縮)、及延長(離心收縮)。向心期施力2 秒、離心期施力4 秒。需要耐力的核心肌群以靜態的等長收縮為主,如棒式、橋式。
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