2024-...
不倒翁健走杖運動 10 深蹲進階
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第十階段 進階深蹲
不同於第六階段基本伸蹲姿勢重點在臀肌訓練,第十階段深蹲進階的重點在於訓練背肌。原本蹲姿雙手拄杖撐地,用健走杖分散支撐上半身的重量。舉單手減少一半的地面支撐,轉由軀幹支撐並且增加單手的重量。漸進式的左右交替舉單手再雙手一起舉。注意左右手舉起時的活動度差異,不要聳肩。
教練要提醒學員先啟動核心肌群,吸氣、吹蠟燭、收小腹、挺背,再舉手,特別引導學員去感受舉手時啟動背部肌群的本體感覺。要提醒挺背而不是仰頭,引導視線看向前方的地板上,不必要正視前方,避免仰頭過度伸展頸椎。
對於駝背嚴重的學員,可以調高健走杖的長度至胸口,先藉由健走杖的支撐,盡可能矯正脊椎,在較接近標準的站立姿勢下,練習啟動背肌。若五十肩,舉手困難,可以降低難度,側向水平舉手,曲肘舉手肘或向後方抬手。舉手只是引導的手段,重點在於練習使用背肌。
蹲站舉手是舉手的同時由蹲姿站起。更接近生活中負重的功能性動作,如從沙發站起,搬行李箱,提菜籃,或是抱孫子。從高的櫥櫃取物是蹲站舉手的相反動作。沒有支撐的彎腰或是以不正確的姿勢抬重物,是下背痛常見的原因,尤其是骨質疏鬆的銀髮婦女,甚至會導致胸腰椎的壓迫性骨折。深蹲進階,以舉手養成良好的背部動作模式,是預防下背痛的重要練習。
*補充說明:
1. 深蹲舉手和蹲站舉手的不同在於動靜有別。深蹲舉手是在靜態深蹲的姿勢下,以舉手的動作引導學員去練習啟動背肌。目的不在舉手,而是體會挺背的本體感覺。蹲站舉手是動力鏈的聯結,當一連串的分解動作中,發現某個動作姿勢不正確,或是需要代償動作才能完成,這可能就是關鍵的弱點。代表這個動作強度超過學員的能力。要降低強度,讓學員可以在良好的姿勢下訓練。
2. 動力鏈:要完成功能性的動作,從足底發力依序連接膝、髖、腰背、肩、最後手才能舉起重物。這個一環接一環的順序稱為動力鏈。如果其中某一環節脆弱,就是整個動力鏈的極限。藉由深蹲舉手的練習,穩定好軀幹核心,再傳到四肢末端。養成正確的動作模式。從動力鏈的順序來審視高爾夫球揮桿、網球揮拍、投籃、打棒球的動作,會得到改進的線索。
3. 蹲下取物是日常生活中很功能性的動作,從手杖支撐先練好正確蹲下站起的動作姿勢,單手杖支撐,手扶自己的大腿,到不需要手杖支撐,進展到能夠雙手合舉重物(高腳杯深蹲),以及分持握重物行走(農夫走路)。
4. 成人的骨質在35 歲達到高峰,之後便隨著年齡而每年下降0.5~1%,五十歲之後更是加速,每年退化1~3%。垂直負重的運動對於延緩骨質流失非常重要。建議從穩定的動作,如高腳杯深蹲和農夫走路開始負重訓練。跑跑跳跳跌倒的風險較高,可以用力踏地,或雙手撐杖原地跳。
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